Recent Advancements in Fire Retardant Mechanisms of Carbon Nanotubes, Graphene, and Fullerene Polymeric Nanoarchitectures

Recently, the emergence of nanotechnology has captivated interest in use of nanoparticulates (NPs) (carbon derivatives or nanocarbon, nanoclay, and so on) in propelling flame retardancy (FR) in polymeric matrices. Thus, carbon and derivatives (graphene (GN) and derivatives, carbon nanotubes (CNT) and derivatives, fullerenes C60 (FUL), and so on), have captivated global research attention because of their outstanding features. The embedment of these NPs within polymeric matrices have resulted in elevated enhancement of FR parameters, thermal and mechanical features. The decreasing values of heat release rate (HRR), peak heat release rate (pHRR), mass loss rate (MLR), total heat released (THR), smoke emission rate (SER), and other FR parameters garnered from polymeric nanoarchitectures have resulted in enhanced safety of lives and properties in actual fire scenario involving these nanomaterials (NMs). Therefore, this paper elucidates recently emerging trends in FR of carbon derivatives based polymeric nanoarchitectures (PNC) with special focus on of GN and derivatives, CNT and derivatives and FUL along with their inherent FR mechanisms. Multifacet application segments of carbon derivatives based FR PNC are also elucidated.