Structure and release function of fragrance glands

Volatile compounds serve physiological, signaling, and defensive purposes in plants and have beneficial effects on the growth, reproduction, resistance, and yield of horticultural plants. They are released through fragrance glands and become gasses by passing through the plasma membrane, cell walls that contain water, and cuticle. Transporter proteins facilitate their transport and reduce the resistance of these barriers. They also regulate the rate of release and concentration of volatiles inside and outside of the membrane. However, there has been no summary of the structure and function of the fragrance glands of horticultural plants, as well as an introduction to the latest research progress on the mechanism of the transport of volatiles. This review focuses on the structure and function of the release of aromas in horticultural plants and explores the mechanism of the release of volatiles through a transporter model. Additionally, it considers the factors that affect their release and ecological functions and suggests directions for future research.