Integrative Analyses of Biomarkers and Pathways in Oxidative Stress‐Related Genes for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

ABSTRACT Problem Oxidative stress (OS) plays a key role in the pathogenesis of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), but it was not well understood. We aimed to investigate the biomarkers and underlying mechanisms of OS‐related genes in GDM. Method of Study The GSE103552 and GSE70493 datasets of GDM were acquired from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Then, oxidative stress‐related differentially expressed genes (OSDEGs) were screened between GDM and normal samples from these two datasets. Further analyses were conducted by gene ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), and Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) for these OSDEGs. Subsequently, protein‐protein interaction (PPI) network analyses of these OSDEGs were carried out to screen the hub genes. Eventually, we used single‐sample Gene‐set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) to compare the immune cell infiltration between GDM and normal samples. Results We identified 26 OSDEGs. Enrichment analysis suggested that the OSDEGs enriched in OS and diabetes‐related pathways. GSEA revealed that these OSDEGs enriched in sensory perception of taste and negative regulation of notch4 signaling pathways. Moreover, PPI analysis showed that 15 OSDEGs were the hub gene in GDM. A total of 14 hub genes were highly expressed in GDM and might be used as diagnosis biomarkers. Moreover, many potential agents might target 10 hub genes for GDM treatment. In addition, immune infiltrate analyses revealed that expression of 14 hub genes was positively correlated to immune infiltrates in GDM. Conclusion OSDEGs are significant in GDM and may provide potential diagnostic biomarkers and treatment targets for GDM.