Expression of HIF-1α, Ki67, SMA and E-cadherin in endometriosis, endometrial and ovarian carcinoma

Introduction : Endometriosis is a benign gynecological condition that shares many characteristics with cancer cells, including immune evasion, survival, adhesion, invasion, and angiogenesis. The simultaneous investigation of tissue hypoxia, EMT, and proliferative index in endometriosis, endometrial, and ovarian carcinomas may provide new insight into the evolution and progression of gynecological neoplasms. Aim : The aim of our study was to follow the immunohistochemical expression in endometriosis, endometrial and ovarian carcinoma in relation to tissue hypoxia and necrosis, EMT, proliferative index, and fibrosis. Materials and methods : The present study used biopsy samples from 50 patients with endometriosis, endometrial carcinoma, and ovarian carcinoma in search for a correlation between HIF-1α, Ki67, SMA, and E-cadherin expression and various clinicopathological features. Results : We observed heterogeneity and different intensity of immunohistochemical expression in different groups of patients. Immunohistochemical expression was compared with the degree of tumor cell differentiation. Cells of poorly differentiated adenocarcinomas showed a higher proliferative index with Ki67, presence of epithelial-mesenchymal transition with reduced expression of E-cadherin with stronger expression of HIF-1α. Regarding SMA in pelvic and ovarian endometriosis foci, we reported strong diffuse expression in stromal cells with marked fibrosis. Conclusion : Understanding the mechanisms of carcinogenesis and progression of gynecological tumors and endometriosis is important for prognosis, response to therapy, and possibly better treatment of patients.