Stroop Paradigms and Stroop Effects: Origin, Variation and Controversy

The Stroop paradigm is one of the classic experimental paradigms in cognitive neuroscience.This study starts with John Riddley Stroop's first color word test paper published in 1935, reviewing Stroop's own trade-offs between major and interest, and tracing the origins of the Stroop paradigm and Stroop effect.The author conducted a comprehensive collection and organization of Stroop related research published from 2003 to 2023, analyzing the current status of Stroop related research from three aspects: the quantity of literature, published journals and research institutions, and research hotspots.The results showed that the number of Stroop studies steadily increased year by year between 2003 and 2023, with Neurophysiology (in English) and Journal of Physiological Science (in Chinese) having the highest publication volume, The largest number of research topics is the Emotion-Stroop study.It has also been found that the diversification of Stroop variants and the computerization of Stroop tasks, combined with new technologies such as EEG, ERP, fMRI and eye trackers etc., have become new research trends.The timing of the Stroop effect and the "trend trap" of the Stroop task also were discussed and presenting realistic stimuli and improving response methods were suggested to enhance the ecological validity of the Stroop task.