Castor oil-based adhesives: A comprehensive review

Castor oil, a vegetable oil with renewable, biodegradable, and environmentally benign properties, stands out for its distinctive hydroxyl groups, making it a desirable substitute for petroleum resources. Its uncomplicated structure, widespread accessibility, and plentiful active sites have positioned castor oil as one of the swiftly burgeoning commercial vegetable oils. This study presents a comprehensive overview of the advancements in employing castor oil for adhesive purposes, emphasizing its pivotal characteristics. It succinctly summarizes the chemical alteration of castor oil and thoroughly examines its meticulous application process in adhesives. The discussion encompasses the versatile applications of castor oil, modified castor oil, and castor oil derivatives in the adhesive field, highlighting the pivotal role of castor oil in adhesive formulations. Furthermore, the challenges and prospects associated with castor oil-based adhesives were discussed, shedding light on future directions in this field.