医学
胎儿
妊娠期糖尿病
妊娠期
神经认知
胰岛素
产科
胎龄
怀孕
糖尿病
脑积水
内科学
内分泌学
外科
认知
精神科
生物
遗传学
作者
Maria Chiara Marra,Ilenia Mappa,Maria Elena Pietrolucci,Jia Li Angela Lu,F. D’Antonio,Giuseppe Rizzo
出处
期刊:Journal of Perinatal Medicine
[De Gruyter]
日期:2024-01-18
标识
DOI:10.1515/jpm-2023-0456
摘要
Abstract Objectives Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) carries an increased risk of neurocognitive impairment in offsprings. However, the contribution of maternal hyperglycemia in affecting fetal brain development is not fully elucidated yet. The aim of this study was to evaluate fetal brain and sulci development in pregnancies complicated by GDM. Methods Prospective observational study including 100 singleton pregnancies complicated by GDM and 100 matched controls. All fetuses underwent neurosonography at 29–34 weeks of gestation, including the assessment of the length of the corpus callosum (CC), cerebellar vermis (CV), Sylvian (SF), parieto-occipital (POF) and calcarine fissures (CF). Sub-group analysis according to the specific treatment regimen adopted (n 67 diet vs. 33 insulin therapy) was also performed. Results Fetuses from mothers with GDM under insulin therapy had a smaller CC (35.54 mm) compared to both controls (40 mm; p<0.001) and women with GDM under diet (39.26 mm; p=0.022) while there was no difference in the HC between the groups. Likewise, when corrected for HC, CV depth was smaller in fetuses with GDM both under insulin therapy (7.03 mm) and diet (7.05 mm,) compared to controls (7.36 mm; p=0.013). Finally, when assessing the sulci development of the brain SF (p≤0.0001), POF (p≤0.0001) and CF (p≤0.0001) were significantly smaller in fetuses with maternal GDM. Post-hoc analysis showed that fetuses of GDM mothers requiring insulin therapy had significantly lower values of SF (p=0.032), POF (p=0.016) and CF (p=0.001). Conclusions Pregnancies complicated by GDM showed a peculiar pattern of fetal brain growth and cortical development and these changes, which are more evident in those requiring insulin supplementation.
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