Emerging Roles of Graphitic Carbon Nitride-based Materials in Biomedical Applications

Graphite carbon nitride (g-C₃N₄) is a two-dimensional conjugated polymer with a unique energy band structure similar to graphene. Due to its outstanding analytical advantages, such as relatively small band gap (2.7 eV), low-cost synthesis, high thermal stability, excellent photocatalytic ability, and good biocompatibility, g-C₃N₄ has attracted the interest of researchers and industry, especially in the medical field. This paper summarizes the latest research on g-C₃N₄-based composites in various biomedical applications, including therapy, diagnostic imaging, biosensors, antibacterial, and wearable devices. In addition, the application prospects and possible challenges of g-C₃N₄ in nanomedicine are also discussed in detail. This review is expected to inspire emerging biomedical applications based on g-C₃N₄.