Diffusion Kurtosis-Based Brain Image Segmentation for the Structural Remodeling of White Matter in Patients with Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy

The aim was to explore the application value of brain image segmentation algorithm based on diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) in the structural remodeling of white matter (WM) in patients with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). 120 patients with leukoencephalopathy and hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy were selected as the research objects. Their heads were scanned by conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and DKI sequence. Besides, DKI based on the image segmentation algorithm was applied to process DKI images, DKE software was employed to obtain the values of fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean kurtosis (MK), and the differences in FA and MK were compared between acute and chronic phases. The results showed that the proposed algorithm could realize the best values of Jaccard similarity (JS) and Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) in WM, gray matter (GM), and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and the segmentation accuracy was better than other algorithms. FA values at the acute and chronic phases were compared in the area around lesions (0.421 ± 0.065 vs. 0.454 ± 0.052), the posterior limb of internal capsule on the affected side (0.498 ± 0.027 vs. 0.504 ± 0.046), and the pedunculus cerebri on the affected side (0.558 ± 0.038 vs. 0.568 ± 0.042), and the differences were statistically substantial ( P < 0.05 ). Moreover, MK values at the acute and chronic phases were also compared in the area around lesions (1.362 ± 0.098 vs. 1.407 ± 0.077), the centrum semiovale on the affected side (1.305 ± 0.102 vs. 1.343 ± 0.076), the posterior limb of internal capsule on the affected side (1.338 ± 0.543 vs. 1.382 ± 0.076), and the pedunculus cerebri on the affected side (1.329 ± 0.089 vs. 1.398 ± 0.099), showing a statistical meaning ( P < 0.05 ). The results indicated that the changes of FA and MK were related to the structural remodeling of WM. The DKI image segmentation algorithm could be applied in the diagnosis of leukoencephalopathy in patients with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, and DKI technology was of great significance for the research of structural remodeling of WM.