Electrophysiologic Characterization of Calcium Handling in Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Atrial Cardiomyocytes

Human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived atrial cardiomyocytes (CMs) hold great promise for elucidating underlying cellular mechanisms that cause atrial fibrillation (AF). In order to use atrial-like hiPSC-CMs for arrhythmia modeling, it is essential to better understand the molecular and electrophysiological phenotype of these cells. We performed comprehensive molecular, transcriptomic, and electrophysiologic analyses of retinoic acid (RA)-guided hiPSC atrial-like CMs and demonstrate that RA results in differential expression of genes involved in calcium ion homeostasis that directly interact with an RA receptor, chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter-transcription factor 2 (COUP-TFII). We report a mechanism by which RA generates an atrial-like electrophysiologic signature through the downstream regulation of calcium channel gene expression by COUP-TFII and modulation of calcium handling. Collectively, our results provide important insights into the underlying molecular mechanisms that regulate atrial-like hiPSC-CM electrophysiology and support the use of atrial-like CMs derived from hiPSCs to model AF.