Prototypic Heptamethine Cyanine Incorporating Nanomaterials for Cancer Phototheragnostic

Abstract Developing technologies that allow the simultaneous diagnosis and treatment of cancer (theragnostic) has been the quest of numerous interdisciplinary research teams. In this context, nanomaterials incorporating prototypic near infrared (NIR)‐light responsive heptamethine cyanines have been showing very promising results for cancer theragnostic. The precisely engineered features of these nanomaterials endow them with the ability to achieve a high tumor accumulation, enabling a tumor's visualization by NIR fluorescence and photoacoustic imaging modalities. Upon interaction with NIR light, the tumor‐homed heptamethine cyanine‐incorporating nanomaterials can also produce a photothermal/photodynamic effect with a high spatio‐temporal resolution and minimal side effects, leading to an improved therapeutic outcome. This progress report analyses the application of nanomaterials incorporating prototypic NIR‐light responsive heptamethine cyanines (IR775, IR780, IR783, IR797, IR806, IR808, IR820, IR825, IRDye 800CW, and Cypate) for cancer photothermal therapy, photodynamic therapy, and imaging. Overall, the continuous development of nanomaterials incorporating the prototypic NIR absorbing heptamethine cyanines will cement their phototheragnostic capabilities.