Abstract Unique hierarchical mosaic‐structure SiO x /C@CoO nanosheets were successfully synthesized from SiO x /C nanospheres embedded in CoO nanosheets through a high‐energy ball milling and hydrothermal self‐assembly process. The SiO x /C@CoO material exhibited good cyclic performance with a reversible discharge capacity of 1079 mAh g −1 over 250 cycles at a current density of 1000 mA g −1 . It also displayed an excellent rate capability (with an average specific reversible discharge capacity of 777.8 mAh g −1 at 2000 mA g −1 and 480 mAh g −1 at 5000 mA g −1 ). The stable skeleton structure of SiO x /C‐embedded CoO nanosheets and the synergistic effect between the two materials should be responsible for the improvement of the lithium storage. This work proposes a feasible approach to promote CoO application in lithium‐ion batteries.