Long‐term outcomes of individualized treatment strategy in treatment of type I Budd‐Chiari syndrome in 456 patients

Abstract Aim To evaluate individualized treatment strategy (ITS) and long‐term outcomes of endovascular treatment of Budd‐Chiari syndrome (BCS) with obstructed inferior vena cava (IVC) based on different degrees of hepatic vein (HV) involvement. Methods From January 2006 to June 2017, 456 consecutive patients with BCS with obstructed IVC underwent endovascular treatment with ITS. All patients received IVC recanalization. Then, 426 patients with at least one patent HV received no additional treatment. Twenty‐fivepatients with membranous or segmental occlusion of HVs underwent HV recanalization and for the remaining five patients with diffuse HVs occlusion, a transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) was performed. Results The endovascular treatment was technically successful in 455 of the 456 patients (99.8%). The complication rate was 5.0% (23/456), with major complications in 13 patients (2.8%) and minor complications in 10 patients (2.2%). Median follow‐up time was 60.5 months (range, 4‐120 months). The cumulative 1‐, 2‐, 5‐ and 10‐year primary vessel patency rates were 93.6%, 89.9%, 80.5% and 74.3% respectively and the cumulative 1‐, 2‐, 5‐, 10‐ year secondary patency rates were 99.8%, 99.8%, 98.2% and 97.2% respectively. The cumulative 1‐, 2‐, 5‐ and 10‐year survival rates were 98.4%, 95.8%, 91.2% and 76.5% respectively. Illness duration and decreased serum albumin were independent predictors of survival. Conclusion The ITS for Asian BCS with obstructed IVC and varying degrees of HV involvement appears to be effective and with good long‐term outcomes.