Application of tunable liquid lens in imaging and display

As emerging photonic devices, tunable liquid lenses have received increasing attention and have already demonstrated great application value, especially in imaging and display fields. Due to the unique advantages of strong adjustability, fast response speed, low power consumption, and miniaturization, tunable liquid lenses provide a competitive solution for designing high-performance imaging and display systems with fast zoom and focus functions, and can help solve scientific issues and break through application limitations. In this review, we briefly introduce and classify current tunable liquid lenses. Then, we give an overview of the application of tunable liquid lenses in imaging and display fields, including microscopy, photography, endoscopy, autostereoscopic display, integral imaging display, holographic display, and AR/VR display. The existing problems, challenges, and perspectives for the applications of liquid lenses are also discussed.