Numerical Simulation of High-Current Vacuum Arcs Under Axial Magnetic Fields With Consideration of Current Density Distribution at Cathode

Based on a 2-D magnetohydrodynamic model, high-current vacuum arcs (HCVAs) under axial magnetic fields (AMFs) with consideration of current density distribution at the cathode are simulated and analyzed. The current density distribution at the cathode used in the simulation is obtained by processing the image of cathode spots from experiments. In order to study the influence of current density distribution at the cathode on vacuum arc characteristics, HCVA is simulated under two kinds of current density distribution at the cathode. Then, for HCVA simulation in a half-sinusoidal period, the current density distribution at the cathode and the AMF delay are both taken into account. The simulation results show that the nonuniform current density at the cathode makes the values of the arc plasma parameters in the interelectrode region larger and their radial distribution more nonuniform than the uniform current density at the cathode. The more uniform current density at the cathode and the stronger AMF at the moments in the second 1/4 cycle make the values of the arc plasma parameters in the central region smaller and their radial distribution broader than those in the first 1/4 cycle. In addition, the simulation results will also be compared with the experimental results.