Preparation of an Intelligent pH Film Based on Biodegradable Polymers for Monitoring the Food Quality and Reducing the Microbial Contaminants

Hydrogel refers to a three‐dimensional cross‐linked polymeric network made of synthetic or natural polymers that can hold water in its porous structure. The inclusion of hydrophilic groups in the polymer chains, such as amino, carboxyl, and hydroxyl groups, contributes to the hydrogel’s water‐holding ability. At physiological temperature and pH, these polymeric materials do not dissolve in water, but they do swell significantly in aqueous media. Hydrogel can be manufactured out of almost any water‐soluble polymer, and it comes in a variety of chemical compositions and bulk physical properties. Hydrogel can also be made in a variety of ways. Hydrogel comes in a variety of physical shapes, including slabs, microparticles, nanoparticles, coatings, and films. Due to its ease of manufacture and self‐application in clinical and fundamental applications, hydrogel has been widely exploited as a drug carrier. Contact lenses, artificial corneas, wound dressing, suture coating, catheters, and electrode sensors are some of the biomedical applications of hydrogels. The pigment color changes were observed from colorless to pale pink followed by dark reddish‐pink. Anthocyanin was produced in large quantities and tested using a UV‐visible spectrophotometer. At 450–550 nm, the largest peak (absorbance) was detected, indicating the presence of anthocyanin. The FTIR analysis of this study shows the different stretches of bonds at different peaks: 2918.309 (‐C‐H alkane stretch), 2812.12 (‐C‐H aldehyde weak intensity), 192320.37/cm (C‐O bend), 21915.50, 2029.08/cm (‐C=C arene group), 1906.94/cm (=C‐H aromatics), 1797.78/cm (=C‐H), 1707.94 (‐C=O ketene), 1579.70, 1382.96 (C‐H alkane strong bend), 889.18/cm (C‐H aromatics plane bend), and 412.77/cm (‐C‐CI strong bond). The spectra of the PVA/chitosan film depict the peak’s formation: 1571.88, 1529.55, 1500.62/cm (C‐H alkene strong bend), 1492.90, 1483.26, 1467.83/cm (C‐H alkene strong bond), 670.48, 443.63, 412.77/cm (‐O‐H carboxylic acids with great intensity), 1708.93 (‐C=O ketone), and 1656.0/cm (alkenyl C=C stretch strong bond).