Successful endovascular recanalization of a thrombosed arteriovenous fistula with extensive stenosis

Management of chronic arteriovenous fistula (AVF) thrombosis is challenging. In this case report, we described successful endovascular treatment for a thrombosed AVF with extensive stenosis. A 50-year-old woman presented with diminishing blood flow of her forearm AVF. Diagnostic angiogram showed a long segment of cephalic vein outflow stenosis, occlusion of one accessory cephalic vein branch, and proximal stenosis of the cephalic vein. After angioplasty, the occluded fistula was recanalized without any significant residual stenosis. The AVF had been functional at 6-month follow-up.