The promises and challenges of aqueous Zinc-Sulfur batteries

The aqueous Zinc-Sulfur (Zn-S) batteries hold significant promise for next-generation batteries due to their high theoretical specific capacity S (1,672 mA h g−1), their high safety, and the low price of sulfur. Nevertheless, the electrochemistry of the aqueous Zn-S batteries is still unclear, and their multifarious irreversible reactions also indicate their complexity. In this perspective, we have summarized the fundamental properties of and the current challenges for aqueous Zn-S batteries. Moreover, future opportunities for the development of aqueous Zn-S batteries are proposed.