非快速眼动睡眠
睡眠(系统调用)
睡眠纺锤
慢波睡眠
神经科学
神经可塑性
K-络合物
睡眠阶段
心理学
记忆巩固
听力学
多导睡眠图
眼球运动
脑电图
医学
计算机科学
海马体
操作系统
作者
Thomas Andrillon,Daniel Pressnitzer,Damien Leger,Sid Kouider
标识
DOI:10.1038/s41467-017-00071-z
摘要
Abstract Sleep and memory are deeply related, but the nature of the neuroplastic processes induced by sleep remains unclear. Here, we report that memory traces can be both formed or suppressed during sleep, depending on sleep phase. We played samples of acoustic noise to sleeping human listeners. Repeated exposure to a novel noise during Rapid Eye Movements (REM) or light non-REM (NREM) sleep leads to improvements in behavioral performance upon awakening. Strikingly, the same exposure during deep NREM sleep leads to impaired performance upon awakening. Electroencephalographic markers of learning extracted during sleep confirm a dissociation between sleep facilitating memory formation (light NREM and REM sleep) and sleep suppressing learning (deep NREM sleep). We can trace these neural changes back to transient sleep events, such as spindles for memory facilitation and slow waves for suppression. Thus, highly selective memory processes are active during human sleep, with intertwined episodes of facilitative and suppressive plasticity.
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