Review of implementation barriers and strategic approaches for improving mHealth systems utilization in Africa: Lessons learnt from South Africa and Kenya

Mobile health (mHealth) systems present tremendous opportunities to enhance healthcare service delivery in Africa, particularly in resource-limited settings. mHealth systems can improve access to care, bridge existing disparities in healthcare and improve communication between patients and healthcare professionals (HCPs). Despite these opportunities, various barriers hinder the effective implementation and utilization of mHealth systems in Africa. Therefore, this study analyses the utilization of mHealth systems and their implementation barriers in Africa and further proposes actionable and strategic solutions. The study applied PRISMA guidelines to search, select and analyze relevant literature from electronic databases such as Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, CINAHL Plus and Google Scholar. A total of 17 papers were analyzed in this study. Technological barriers, digital literacy gaps, inadequate infrastructural support, economic constraints, cultural and societal resistance and lack of regional mHealth initiatives regulatory frameworks are key mHealth systems implementation barriers. Collaborative partnerships, user-centric design, government support and cultural integration are pivotal for achieving high-level technological adoption and utilization. Stakeholders and policymakers should adopt a multifaceted approach that includes investing in digital literacy and infrastructure, multisectoral engagement and collaboration, designing affordable and accessible mHealth solutions, fostering cultural acceptance through community engagement and harmonizing regulatory frameworks across African countries.