Progress in the Utilization of Nanobody CAR-T Cell in Cancer Immunotherapy

Chimeric antigen receptor-modified T cells (CAR-T cells) therapy is a groundbreaking cancer immunotherapy that has demonstrated remarkable therapeutic results. CAR-T cells typically utilize single-chain variable fragments (scFv) from monoclonal antibodies (mAb) as their primary structural component for targeting antigens. Recently, scientists have discovered that nanobody (Nb), which possesses the advantages of low molecular weight, strong stability, high affinity, and low immunogenicity, can be utilized to target structural domains to develop novel therapies. In preclinical and clinical trials, Nb CAR-T cell therapy has shown effects comparable to those of conventional CAR-T cell therapy. The main focus of this study is to provide an overview of Nb CAR-T cell target selection, use, and advancements in clinical research for the immunotherapy of hematological and solid malignancies.