FL-OTCSEnc: Towards secure federated learning with deep compressed sensing

In recent years, federated learning has made significant progress in preserving data privacy. In this paradigm, clients train local models without sharing their raw data, thereby substantially mitigating the vulnerability to private data exposure. However, it is still possible to infer clients' raw data by leveraging the gradient parameters exchanged between the clients and the server. To address this problem, this paper proposes a novel algorithm that introduces deep compressed sensing into federated learning to support one time encryption, called FL-OTCSEnc, to secure the communication data exchanged between the clients and the server. The process starts by creating a dataset of deep learning model parameters and training a system for both encryption and decryption using deep compressed sensing. This system is then used to secure the communication between clients and the server in federated learning, by encrypting and decrypting the data exchanged. To enhance the security of the proposed algorithm, we introduce an assessment method for evaluating the security level of the clients, facilitating the selection of suitable candidates for deployment within distributed training encryption and decryption models that are updated in real time. To enhance the accuracy of the decrypted deep network model, we introduce a tandem loss function in the training process. Moreover, this paper proves that the proposed end-to-end encryption method satisfies additive homomorphic encryption properties. Extensive experiments demonstrate that the deep compressed sensing encryption in federated learning achieves promising results without increasing the computational complexity.