Transparent Photovoltaics Using Parallel Silicon Strips in Polymer Scaffold

Y.K. and Y. J. were the inventors of a granted patent (Patent No. KR-10-2255573). Y.K., J.K. and Y.J. are the inventors of granted patents (Patent Nos. US11843065B2, KR-10-2453973, KR-10-2371050, KR-10-2363048 and KR-10-2481858) and applications (Nos. US-17/887,028 and US-17/872,480). C.L., Y.K., K.C. and Y.J. are the inventors on granted patents (Patent Nos. KR-10-2596269 and KR-2704149) and an application (No. US-18/362,611). C.L., Y.K. and Y.J. are inventors on a granted patent (Patent No. KR-2590394). C.L., Y.K., J.K. and Y.J. are inventors on a granted patent (Patent No. KR-10-2628295) and an application (No. US-18/577,372). Y.K., J.K., K.C. and Y.J. have filed a patent application (No. KR-10-2021-0075370). C.L., Y.K., K.C. and Y.J. have filed a patent application (No. KR-10-2023-0026885). The other authors declare no conflicts of interest. The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request. Figure S1: pip70043-sup-0001-Suppl_Information.docx. Digital image of a Si wafer cell and corresponding light I–V curves. The solid and dotted lines denotes front and rear side irradiations, respectively. Figure S2: Light I–V curves of TPV prototype under simulated light. The dimensions of the 5-unit cells were 67 × 10 mm, and the aperture area of the TPV was 28.81 cm2. Figure S3: Digital image of the outdoor I–V analysis environment for opaque and transparent PVs. The location was the R&D Centre, Korea University, Republic of Korea (37°35′25.1″N 127°01′34.4″ E). Figure S4: Digital images of PVs for outdoor I–V analysis. (a) Opaque PV. (b) Transparent PV. Figure S5: Outdoor performance tracking result of opaque and transparent PVs from 10:00 to 17:00. (a) JSC. (b) VOC. (c) FF. (d) PD. The red star symbol indicates the measured solar irradiation. The analysis was conducted on 10 March 2021, the weather was sunny, the temperature was between 10 and 21.3°(c) and the relative humidity was between 22.9 and 47.2%. Figure S6: EL images of scaled-up bare TPV. (a) Front side image. (b) Rear side image. Figure S7: EL images of encapsulated TPV with PDMS. (a) Front side image. (b) Rear side image. Figure S8: Light I–V curves of individual unit cells consisting of TPV. (a) Front side irradiation. (b) Rear side irradiation. Figure S9: Outdoor performance tracking result of TPV from 10:00 to 17:00. (a) JSC. (b) VOC. (c) FF. (d) PD. The red star symbol indicates the measured solar irradiation. The analysis was conducted on 15 March 2023, the weather was cloudy, the temperature was between 8.9°C and 11.2°C, and the relative humidity was between 18.4% and 28.7%. Figure S10: Statistical I–V parameters of 248-unit cells for TPV. (a) JSC. (b) VOC. (c) FF. (d) PCE. The height of the unit cell was 14.6 mm. Figure S11: EL images of bare TPV window. (a) Front side image. (b) Rear side image. Figure S12: Light I–V curves of individual unit cells consisting of TPV window. (a) Front side irradiation. (b) Rear side irradiation. Figure S13: Outdoor performance tracking result of TPV window from 09:55 to 16:40. (a) JSC. (b) VOC. (c) FF. (d) PD. The red star symbol indicates the measured solar irradiation. The analysis was conducted on 28 December 2023, the weather was sunny, the temperature was between 3.4°C and 6.1°C, and the relative humidity was between 39.2% and 50.2%. Table S1: Light I–V parameters under front and rear irradiation of each unit cell consisting of TPV. Table S2: Light I–V parameters under front and rear irradiation of individual unit cells consisting of a TPV window. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.