Emerging role of transfer RNA-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs) in hepatocellular carcinoma

Although tsRNAs show great promise in HCC diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy, clinical translation remains hindered by gaps in mechanistic understanding, technical challenges in detection, and a lack of large-scale validation. Overcoming these limitations through standardized methodologies and multi-omics integration could unlock their full potential in precision cancer medicine.