The synergistic route for enhancing rice by-product derived nanoparticles in sustained release of bioactive compound

Abstract This work deals with enhancing the rice straw as precursor of cellulose-based nanoparticles in further application in production of nanogels for prolonging the bioactive compound (Carvedilol drug) release time (sustained release), till the release of the drug is continuous and useful, with minimal side effects. The benefit of the investigated nanogels was proved from comparing their sustaining release with patent and literature data. The nanogels were synthesized from chelating of cellulose-nanoparticles (ONC) in hybrid with palm extract (PE) by chitosan. The effective role of pulping reagent to prepare the pulp precursor of ONC was also assessed. The ONCs were prepared from different RS-pulp precursors, using soda, soda-anthraquinone-borohydride and AcOH-organosolv pulping reagents. FT-IR, SEM, non-isothermal TGA and swelling behavior of nanogels, in addition to their in vitro release of drug and kinetics were studied. The data showed that incorporating the PE to ONCs, especially from alkaline pulp-produced nanogels with highestsustaining behavior, where at 5 h the release % was decreased from ~ 50 to 33% and provided 50% CAR release at 24 h. This time was greater than reported by literature on using other drug carriers (10–18 h), which will stimulate the reduction of the number of doses. Almost all PE-containing gels followed the zero-order kinetic release. Graphical abstract