An Overview of Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) Technology and Signal Processing Methods

Brainmachine interfaces are an emerging way that enables communication by using brain power, affecting the sensitive nerves and muscles. Over the last 20 years, this advancement in technology has motivated a lot of disabled patients. This continues to grow, helping more and more patients suffering from paralysis or any other disabilities. At present, extensive research is being conducted in this complex emerging field. Significant efforts have been directed towards implementing Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) systems in laboratory settings to assist individuals with disabilities, enabling them to perform tasks akin to those of able-bodied individuals. This manuscript will examine the current landscape and future potential of BCI technology, along with its correlation to various signal processing techniques. This review seeks to bridge the gap in understanding the influence of diverse signal processing methodologies on the efficacy of BCI systems. Consequently, the paper will cover advancements in the domains of signal acquisition and processing. In addition, the study is focused on analyzing all the previous studies done on improving signal quality. Moreover, the paper discusses how creating advanced algorithms significantly improves the interpretation of user intentions and commands.