In-hospital Outcomes of Patients with Septic Shock and Underlying Chronic Atrial Fibrillation: A Propensity Matched Analysis from A National Dataset

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is one of the most common arrhythmias among hospitalized patients. Among patients admitted with septic shock (SS), the new occurrence of atrial fibrillation has been associated with an increase in intensive care unit (ICU) length of stay and in-hospital mortality. This is partially related to further reduction in cardiac output and thus worsening organ perfusion due to atrial fibrillation. However, there is a paucity of research on the outcomes of patients who have underlying chronic AF (UCAF) and then develop SS. This study aimed to identify the clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with UCAF admitted with SS compared to patients with SS without UCAF.This study was a retrospective analysis of the 2016 and 2017 Nationwide Readmission Database. ICD-10 codes were used to identify patients with SS, and these patients were stratified into those with and without UCAF. Propensity matching analyses were performed to compare clinical outcomes and in-hospital mortality between the two groups.A total of 353,422 patients with hospitalization for SS were identified, 5.8% (n = 20,772) of whom had UCAF. After 2:1 propensity matching, 20,719 patients were identified as having SS with UCAF, and 41,438 patients were identified as having SS without UCAF. Patients with SS and UCAF had a higher incidence of ischemic stroke [2.5% versus 2.2%, p = 0.012], length of stay [11.5 days versus 10.9 days, p < 0.001], mean total charges [$154,094 versus $144,037, p < 0.001] compared to those with SS without UCAF. In-hospital mortality was high in both groups, but was slightly higher among those with SS and UCAF than those with SS and no UCAF [34.4% versus 34.1%, p = 0.049].This study identified UCAF as an adverse prognosticator for clinical outcomes. Patients with SS and UCAF need to be identified as a higher risk category of SS who will require more intensive management.