The paper analyses the factors in the formation of rural households' livelihood obstacle by the data we collected during questionnaire survey in Minqin Oasis with the use of livelihood assets structure in sustainable livelihood framework(SLF).We defined the livelihood obstacle as the circumstance concerning a gap between livelihood assets and livelihood strategy.In the context of vulnerable livelihoods assets,the ecological protective measures exerted some impacts on rural household's livelihood obstacle.To reduce the vulnerability of farmer household' s livelihood,more attention should be paid to livelihood assets of rural households.