化学
烯丙基重排
激进的
芳基
组合化学
芳基
烷基
卤素
硅烷
有机化学
反应中间体
自由基环化
天然产物
分子
反应条件
Atom(片上系统)
作者
Jialian Zheng,Kuili Liang,Zi‐Qing Li,Zunsheng Chen,Jianzhong Lu,He Zhang,Beibei Yi,Qi Li,Qiuling Yang,Jinrong Li,Zhihan Zhang,Rui Guo,Rui Guo
标识
DOI:10.1002/anie.202523719
摘要
Abstract The radical‐mediated dearomatization of aromatic systems to generate cyclohexadienyl radical intermediates represents a crucial strategy for constructing three‐dimensional molecular architectures. Conventional approaches typically through ipso ‐addition and subsequent proton/oxygen/carbon dioxide trapping to suppress rapid re‐aromatization, significantly constraining product diversity. Furthermore, dearomative bifunctionalization reactions—which offer enhanced step‐ and atom‐economy—remain substantially underdeveloped. Herein, we disclose a copper‐catalyzed radical dearomative 1,4‐ and 1,2‐carbosilylation strategy applicable to diverse unactivated (hetero)aromatic substrates to selectively construct spiro‐ or fused‐cyclic products. The resulting vinyl and allylic silanes serve as versatile synthetic handles for downstream transformations, enabling the rapid construction of sp 3 ‐rich polycyclic scaffolds that are highly valuable in drug discovery. Mechanistic and DFT studies indicate that the reaction commences with copper(I)‐silicon‐mediated halogen atom transfer of readily available aryl iodides to generate aryl radicals. These reactive species exhibit dual pathways: direct ipso ‐addition to aromatic rings or 1,5‐hydrogen atom transfer followed by alkyl radical‐mediated ortho ‐addition. Subsequent trapping of the resulting dienyl radicals by copper(II)‐silicon species yields complex polycyclic systems containing cyclohexadienylsilicon frameworks with excellent chemo‐, regio‐ and diastereoselectivity. This methodology not only establishes a novel paradigm for copper‐catalyzed radical dearomative bifunctionalization but also provides an efficient radical ipso‐ and ortho ‐addition platform for synthesizing architecturally intricate polycyclic compounds.
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