Benefits of non-face-to-face mindfulness-based intervention for patients with cardiovascular disease: A meta-analysis

Psychological distress significantly impacts the health of patients with cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Research has shown that mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) improve both physical and mental well-being. Non-face-to-face MBIs, such as app-based programs, are essential for increasing accessibility. This study assessed the effects of non-face-to-face MBIs on the psychological health and quality of life of CVD patients. A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials identified nine studies involving 765 participants. Results indicated that non-face-to-face MBIs significantly reduced anxiety, depression, and stress, and improved quality of life, though they did not significantly increase mindfulness. App-based MBIs were especially effective. These findings suggest that non-face-to-face MBIs may be beneficial in reducing psychological distress in CVD patients, but further research is needed to confirm their long-term efficacy.