A Comparison of Elevation, Perforation Rate, and Time Spent for the Crestal Sinus Elevation Intervened by Piezosurgery, CAS-Kit, and Osteotome in a Novel Goat Model

This study aimed to compare the differences among Piezosurgery, CAS-kit, and Osteotome regarding safe elevation, perforation rate, and time spent and to observe and analyze different sinus lifting efficacy of the three methods.Twenty-one fresh goat heads (42 sinuses) were investigated. CBCT images confirmed the feasibility of the goat model. The maxillary sinus was successively lifted to 5, 7, and 9 mm by Piezosurgery, CAS-kit, and Osteotome until the sinus membrane was perforated or lifted to 9 mm. In the end, final elevation, sinus perforation, and time spent were recorded.Piezosurgery and CAS-kit lifted sinuses to relatively higher heights than did Osteotome (P = 0.000). Perforation rates (14.29, 21.43%) of the Piezosurgery and CAS-kit were far lower than that of the Osteotome (85.71%). In the Osteotome group, the time of lifting to 9 mm was significantly shorter than that of Piezosurgery and CAS-kit (P = 0.000). There was no statistical difference in time spent between the latter two (P = 0.115).The lifting height of the Osteotome was limited, but it took the shortest time for sinus lifting. Piezosurgery and CAS-kit had higher lifting heights and lower perforation rates compared with Osteotome.