Advances in Z-scheme photocatalysts for efficient photocatalytic H2O2 production: A comprehensive review

Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a versatile oxidant that has attracted significant attention in various industrial applications, including water treatment, pulp and paper bleaching, and chemical synthesis. Photocatalytic H2O2 production using semiconductor photocatalysts has emerged as a highly promising approach due to its environmental friendliness and sustainability. Among the various photocatalytic systems, Z-scheme photocatalysts have demonstrated particular promise for efficient H2O2 production owing to their unique electron transfer mechanism. This review article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the recent progress in the development and application of Z-scheme photocatalysts for efficient photocatalytic H2O2 production. It covers the fundamental principles of photocatalytic H2O2 production and Z-scheme photocatalytic systems, summarizes the achievements of Z-scheme photocatalysts, and discusses the challenges and future prospects. This timely review fills a critical gap in the field by providing a comprehensive understanding of recent progress in Z-scheme photocatalysts for efficient H2O2 production.