Research on the Preparation of Biochar from Waste and Its Application in Environmental Remediation

Biochar is a carbon-rich material that can be composed of a variety of raw materials. From the perspective of resource reuse, it is quite feasible to use waste as a raw material for the preparation of biochar. This paper provides an overview of the types of waste that can be used to prepare biochar and their specific substances, and also summarises methods to enhance or improve the performance of biochar, including physical, chemical, biological and other methods. The feedstock for biochar includes four categories: agricultural and forestry waste, industrial by-products, municipal solid waste and other non-traditional materials. This paper also summarises and classifies the role played by biochar in environmental applications, which can be classified according to its role as an adsorbent, catalyst and soil conditioner, and other applications. In addition to being widely used as an adsorbent, catalyst and activator, biomass charcoal also has good application prospects as a soil remediation agent, amendment agent and supercapacitor, and in soil carbon sequestration. Finally, some ideas and suggestions are detailed for the present research and experiments, offering new perspectives for future development.