Multifaceted bioactivity of marine fungal derived secondary metabolite, xyloketal B -a review

Abstract Background A growing number of findings have focused on the distinctive physiochemical characteristics that marine microorganisms have acquired as a result of their adaptation to the challenging conditions inherent in the marine environment. It has been established that the marine environment is a very rich source of bioactive substances with a variety of biological effects and structural diversity. A major discovery was the extraction of xyloketals from Xylaria sp. Numerous thorough studies have subsequently been carried out to determine the medicinal potential of these bioactive components. Xyloketals are thought to be a very promising and significant class of naturally occurring substances with a wide range of potent biological activities, such as radical scavenging, suppression of cell proliferation, reduction of neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury, antioxidant activity, inhibition of acetylcholine esterase, inhibition of L-calcium channels, and others. Xyloketal B is one of the most potent molecules with significant therapeutic properties among the numerous variants discovered. Conclusion This review summarizes the structural characterization of all naturally occurring xyloketal compounds, especially the B derivative with an emphasis on their bioactivity and provides an outline of how xyloketals operate in diverse disease scenarios.