Effect of Pipe Size on Solid Particle Erosion of Elbow in Liquid-Solid Flow: Experimental and CFD Analysis

Abstract Solid particle erosion prediction in liquid-solid flow is inherently more complex than in gas-solid systems due to the large interactions between fluids and solids and the low Stokes number of particles. In pipelines and pipe fittings, especially in industries such as oil and gas and mining, where sand particles are commonly found in transported fluids, solid particle erosion poses a significant challenge. These abrasive particles can cause wear and damage to the walls of pipes and fittings, with elbows being particularly susceptible due to their abrupt change in flow direction. The influence of pipe size on solid particle erosion in liquid-solid flow has been examined for elbows in series. Experiments were conducted using 50.8-mm (2-inch) and 76.2-mm (3-inch) stainless steel 316 standard elbows in a liquid-solid flow with a liquid velocity of approximately 6 m/s and volume sand concentration of around 2 percent with 300 particle size. The outcomes of this research provide valuable insights into the relationship between pipe size, comparing erosion rates and profiles, and determining the location of maximum erosion in both first and second elbows. Notably, the study reveals that the 3-inch elbow experiences a considerably lower maximum erosion rate compared to the 2-inch elbow. Furthermore, the CFD simulations offer a deeper understanding of the underlying fluid dynamics and erosion mechanisms. This study not only investigates the specific case of pipe size but also contributes to a standardized method for more accurate CFD simulation of solid particle erosion in liquid-solid flow for elbows.