A review on activated carbon/ graphene composite-based materials: Synthesis and applications

Carbon-based compounds, including activated carbon (AC), graphene, and their corresponding composites, are currently garnering considerable research interest thanks to their unique physicochemical attributes. Factors such as a high surface area, hierarchical porous structure, decent conductivity, and distinct hydrophilic/hydrophobic properties driving their excellent performance in varied applications like water treatment, energy storage, and electrochemical sensing. This review scrutinizes the synthetic pathways of AC-graphene derivates/composites (AC/GC) and their applications. It also delves into the kinetics, isotherm models, and adsorption behavior of different pollutants by AC/GC in water treatment scenarios. Furthermore, it identifies the gaps and challenges concerning the synthesis and application of AC/GC-based materials. The critical task for future research includes optimizing and innovating eco-friendly preparation techniques for AC/GC to attain the desired properties and structure was provided. Developing new regeneration and recycling methods following the application of AC/GC-based materials across diverse sectors entails rigorous investigation. It is also crucial to explore the safety of GC, particularly graphene oxide (GO), in aquatic environments. Future researchers should also seek to clarify the kinetics, isotherm models, and mechanisms in the realms of air purification, energy storage, and sensors. Finally, this review concludes with future outlooks on the transition from laboratory preparation and application of these materials to an industrial scale.