Advancing Sustainable Agriculture with Mesoporous Nanomaterials for Smart Pesticide Delivery

The overreliance on conventional pesticides has intensified ecological risks─ranging from persistent environmental residues to the proliferation of resistant pest populations and disruption of agroecosystems. Mesoporous nanomaterial carriers─including mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs), metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), and hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks (HOFs)─offer transformative solutions by enhancing pesticide stability, bioavailability, and controlled release. This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent advances in these three types of mesoporous nanomaterials, focusing on their role in reducing pesticide consumption, minimizing environmental residues, and improving agricultural sustainability. Future directions emphasize the integration of intrinsic pesticide properties into nanomaterials, transitioning from passive carriers to active functional agents, and optimizing scalability and regulatory compliance. These innovations promise to enhance precision agriculture, reduce chemical reliance, and promote ecological balance, positioning mesoporous nanomaterials as pivotal tools for sustainable pest management and global food security.