Inflammation: Biochemistry, cellular targets, anti-inflammatory agents and challenges with special emphasis on cyclooxygenase-2

Keeping in view the involvement of inflammation in the pathogenesis of several diseases including cancer, diabetes, neurodegenerative disorders and rheumatoid arthritis, herein, we review the processes for the initiation of inflammation and the treatment measures. While focusing on the cyclooxygenase mediated arachidonic acid metabolic pathways, biochemistry of inflammatory prostaglandins is discussed. The data corresponding to efficacy, pharmacokinetic profile and the side effects of the available natural and synthetic anti-inflammatory drugs is reviewed. Moreover, the given information for the drug-based design of new anti-inflammatory agents may help in the development of more potent and safe molecules.