Complex Dissipating Energy Flow Method for Forced Oscillation Source Location

In this letter we propose an extension of the Dissipating Energy Flow (DEF) method for locating sources of forced oscillations (FOs), based on an energy function constructed by the complex integral approach, which we call Complex DEF (CDEF). To trace sources of FO, we study the scalar projection of CDEF in a specific direction on the complex plane. We show by simulated cases that this alternative has a good performance in cases where the original DEF fails.