A Review on Electrochemical and Optical Sensing Platform Based on Ionic Liquids for Different Molecules Determination

Since the investigation of the properties of ionic liquids, there has been an increasing interest in these materials in the field of sensors area due to their unique properties. The electrochemical and radiolytic stability of ionic liquids are prerequisites for using ionic liquids. In addition, a large number of ionic liquids can be synthesized with the combination of different anions and cations. Therefore, they are preferred to fabricate the electrochemical, optical sensors, and biosensors or used in electrolyte solutions as they promise a facile and low-cost way to examine the analytes due to their properties such as increasing the conductivity, optical properties, and stability, lowering the detection limit, facilitating the electron transfer and increasing the effective surface area of the electrode and sensor platform. All of those properties are powered with the use of nanomaterials in the modification of the sensors. In this review, general information about the properties of ionic liquids were given. Moreover, the recent developments in electrochemical and optical sensor applications in the last five years were summarized. Finally, the utilization of ionic liquids and nanomaterials in the modification of the sensor platform and the advances of the proposed sensors for the analyses taking place in different molecules were discussed.