Facile Synthesis of Surfactant‐Induced Platinum Nanospheres with a Porous Network Structure for Highly Effective Oxygen Reduction Catalysis

Developing a facile and eco-friendly method for the large-scale synthesis of highly active and stable catalysts toward oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is very important for the practical application of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). In this paper, a mild aqueous-solution route has been successfully developed for the gram-scale synthesis of three-dimensional porous Pt nanospheres (Pt-NSs) that are composed of network-structured nanodendrites and/or oval multipods. In comparison with the commercial Pt/C catalyst, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) demonstrates the dominant metallic-state of Pt and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) indicates the substantial improvement of conductivity for the Pt-NSs/C catalyst. The surfactant-induced porous network nanostructure improves both the catalytic ORR activity and durability. The optimal Pt-NSs/C catalyst exhibits a half-wave potential of 0.898 V (vs. RHE), leading to the mass activity of 0.18 A mgPt-1 and specific activity of 0.68 mA cm-2 which are respectively 1.9 and 5.7 times greater than those of Pt/C. Moreover, the highly-active Pt-NSs/C catalyst shows a superior stability with the tenable morphology and the retained 78% of initial mass activity rather than the severe Pt aggregation and the only 58% retention of the commercial Pt/C catalyst after 10000 cycles.