Gadolinium Endofullerenes

Fullerenes—A new combining atoms of carbon atoms into the molecule, which can serve as the parent and precursor of a whole class advanced organic compounds. Unsolved problems associated with a correct understanding of the structure, transformation, and behavior of the fullerene C 60 molecule, make it impossible to interpret correctly many of its physicochemical properties. Fullerenes are a new compounds of carbon atoms into a molecule that can serve as the parent and precursor of the whole class of the newest organic compounds. Unresolved problems connected with correct understanding of structure, transformation and behavior of fullerene molecule C 60 , do not allow to interpret many of its physico-chemical properties correctly. Since the discovery of fullerenes and the subsequent study of their properties, the interaction of fullerenes with metals is of fundamental interest. C 60 -building block (molecule), is similar to the atom, which can be used to create new materials. It has its physical and chemical properties, which a separate atom can't exhibit. First of all it concerns the fact that this molecule, unlike all molecules known up to the present time, has its own surface. The presence of the surface allows the fullerene molecule to behave as a molecule and as a solid nanoparticle. The dualism of the fullerene molecule allows it, unlike other carbon allotropic forms, to dissolve in various liquid mediums. The presence of the surface allows fullerene to enclose in its volume separate atoms and molecules. After the initial detection of fullerenes, multiple attempts are made to obtain, distinguish and characterize fullerenes containing metal atoms in their volume. In the present work the research of the products formed in joint arc evaporation of graphite and gadolinium is carried out. The products formed on the cathode and on the reactor walls are investigated. On the example of gadolinium-containing endofullerenes the conditions of formation of nanoproducts in plasma conditions, in solutions and at their crystallization are discussed.