免疫抑制
利巴韦林
免疫学
接种疫苗
医学
免疫系统
纤维化
慢性感染
获得性免疫系统
发病机制
生物
病毒
丙型肝炎病毒
病理
作者
Qiyu He,Fan Zhang,Jingyi Shu,Shuangshuang Li,Zhaochao Liang,Minghao Du,Xing Liu,Lihua Liu,Manyu Li,Xin Yin,Qiuwei Pan,Fengmin Lu,Ling Wang,Lin Wang
出处
期刊:Hepatology
[Wiley]
日期:2022-03-30
卷期号:76 (3): 788-802
被引量:21
摘要
HEV infection can lead to chronicity and rapid progression to liver fibrosis and cirrhosis in immunocompromised organ transplant recipients. Robust animal models are urgently needed to study the pathogenesis and test the efficacy of vaccines and antiviral drugs in immunosuppressed settings.Cyclosporin A was used to induce immunosuppression. Rabbits were challenged with genotype 3 or 4 HEV (i.e., the rabbit-derived HEV3 and human-derived HEV3 or HEV4). We assessed HEV markers within 13 weeks post inoculation (wpi) and pathological changes by hematoxylin and eosin and Masson staining at 4, 8, or 13 wpi. Chronic HEV infection was successfully established in immunocompromised rabbits. HEV RNA and/or antigens were detected in the liver, kidney, intestine, urine, and cerebrospinal fluid samples. Chronically infected animals exhibited typical characteristics of liver fibrosis development. Intrahepatic transcriptomic analysis indicated activation of both innate and adaptive immunity. Establishment of HEV chronicity likely contributed to the inhibited T-cell immune response. Ribavirin is effective in clearing HEV infection in immunocompromised rabbits. Most interestingly, vaccination completed before immunosuppression conferred full protection against both HEV3 and HEV4 infections, but vaccination during immunosuppression was only partially protective, and the efficacy did not improve with increased or additional vaccine doses.The immunocompromised rabbit model of both chronic HEV3 and HEV4 infection that was established captured the key features of chronic HEV infection in transplant patients, including liver fibrogenesis, and revealed the distinct effectiveness of vaccination administered before or under immunosuppression. This rabbit model is valuable for understanding the pathogenesis of chronic hepatitis E, as well as for evaluating antiviral agents and vaccines.
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