Measurement of Interfacial Tension in Liquid−Liquid High-Temperature Systems

The present paper is an attempt to critically review the relevant techniques for the laboratory measurement of interfacial tension of high-temperature liquid−liquid systems, mostly linked with metallurgy and pyrochemistry. Even if the present paper is preferably devoted to interfacial high-temperature measurements, the same information concerning surface tension will be implicitly provided, as well. There will be no report of the techniques related to dynamic interfacial tension, measurements of ultralow interfacial tension, and the techniques used in microtensiometry and nanotensiometry. These methods (often call nonclassical techniques) are very hard to employ at high temperature, even if they could be in general used at these conditions.