Keeping the bad bacteria in check: interactions of the host immune system with oral cavity biofilms

Human commensal bacteria commonly reside in biofilms. There is strong experimental and clinical evidence that oral diseases such as caries, endodontic infections, and periodontal disease are caused by biofilm‐forming bacteria. The immune response toward pathogens has traditionally been investigated with mono‐species cultured planktonic bacteria, thereby neglecting their ecological context. Recent research provides evidence of innate and adaptive immune responses specifically toward bacteria in biofilms. In this review, the relatively new concept of the interaction of oral biofilms with the immune system is presented.