To investigate the relation of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome(OSAS) and autonomic nervous system of heart rate variability(HRV).Twenty patients with severe OSAS were recruited to undergo 7-hour polysomnography(PSG) and ECG monitoring in sleep lab,twenty age matched healthy were studied as control.Time domain and frequency domain alaysis of HRV were performed.HRV time domain indices including SDANN,SDNN,rMSSD in OSAS patients were significantly higher than those in the controls,SDNN index decreased remarkably.freguency do main indices including VLF,LF,HF,Lfnorm,Hfnorm and LF/HF increased significantly compared with the controls.[Conclusion]The sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve activity were enhanced,the former is prior to the latter.