The reversible plastic deformation during machining and static tensile test was studied for as-quenched and aged U-Nb alloy.The deformation mechanism of U-Nb alloy was probed by X-ray diffraction analysis and in-situ tensile test on transmission electron microscope.The feasibility of eliminating the machining deformation was probed by aging method.The results show that the growing up,incorporation and reorientation of martensite variants with high density twins is the primary deformation mechanism for U-Nb alloy at the initial stage of deformation.The plastic deformation in as-quenched and 150 ℃ aged U-Nb alloy after machining is similar,but larger than that of 200 ℃ aged alloy.The recovery deformation can reach 50% after the alloy aging at 200 ℃ for 30 min.