An ultrastable 2D covalent organic framework coating for headspace solid-phase microextraction of organochlorine pesticides in environmental water

Herein, a quinoline-linked ultrastable 2D covalent organic framework (COF-CN) coated fiber was successfully prepared and used for highly-sensitive headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in environmental water. The extraction efficiency of the COF-CN coating for all 14 OCPs was higher than that of four commercial SPME fiber coatings and most of the published works, with enrichment factors ranging from 540 to 5065. In combination with gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS), a wide linear range (0.05-200 ng/L), low detection limits (LODs, 0.0010-13.54 ng/L) and satisfactory reproducibility and repeatability were obtained under optimal conditions. Compared with the published works, the LODs of the developed technique were improved 2-5.9 times, and the enrichment factors (EFs) of the developed method were enhanced at least 2 times. The COF-CN coated fiber can be easily recycled and reused at least 70 times without any washing step. The adsorption mechanism was first characterized by density functional theory calculations and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis. Besides, the established method was successfully applied to the analysis of the distribution of trace OCPs in real water samples from Henan Province. All these results proved the promising application of the developed HS-SPME-GC-MS/MS method for organic pollutants analysis in water samples.