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Intestinal Barrier, Immunity and Microbiome: Partners in the Depression Crime

微生物群 免疫 萧条(经济学) 免疫学 心理学 医学 生物 免疫系统 生物信息学 精神科 经济 宏观经济学
作者
Eva M. Medina‐Rodríguez,José Martı́nez-Raga,Yolanda Sanz
出处
期刊:Pharmacological Reviews [American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics]
卷期号:76 (5): 956-969 被引量:2
标识
DOI:10.1124/pharmrev.124.001202
摘要

Depression is a highly prevalent disorder and a leading cause of disability worldwide. It has a major impact on the affected individual and on society as a whole. Regrettably, current available treatments for this condition are insufficient in many patients. In recent years, the gut microbiome has emerged as a promising alternative target for treating and preventing depressive disorders. However, the microbes that form this ecosystem do not act alone but are part of a complicated network connecting the gut and the brain that influences our mood. Host cells that are in intimate contact with gut microbes, such as the epithelial cells forming the gut barrier and the immune cells in their vicinity, play a key role in the process. These cells continuously shape immune responses to maintain healthy communication between gut microbes and the host. In this article, we review how the interplay among epithelial cells, the immune system, and gut microbes mediates gut-brain communication to influence mood. We also discuss how advances in our knowledge of the mechanisms underlying the gut-brain axis could contribute to addressing depression.

Significance Statement

This review does not aim to systematically describe intestinal microbes that might be beneficial or detrimental for depression. We have adopted a novel point of view by focusing on potential mechanisms underlying the crosstalk between gut microbes and their intestinal environment to control mood. These pathways could be targeted by well defined and individually tailored dietary interventions, microbes, or microbial metabolites to ameliorate depression and decrease its important social and economic impact.
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