Advancements in miniaturized infrared spectroscopic-based volatile organic compound sensors: A systematic review

The global trends of urbanization and industrialization have given rise to critical environmental and air pollution issues that often receive insufficient attention. Among the myriad pollution sources, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) stand out as a primary cluster, posing a significant threat to human society. Addressing VOCs emissions requires an effective mitigation action plan, placing technological development, especially in detection, at the forefront. Photonic sensing technologies rooted in the infrared (IR) light and matter interaction mechanism offer nondestructive, fast-response, sensitive, and selective chemical measurements, making them a promising solution for VOC detection. Recent strides in nanofabrication processes have facilitated the development of miniaturized photonic devices and thus sparked growing interest in the creation of low-cost, highly selective, sensitive, and fast-response IR optical sensors for VOC detection. This review work thus serves a timely need to provide the community a comprehensive understanding of the state of the art in this field and illuminate the path forward in addressing the pressing issue of VOC pollution.